As the book of Job shows us, suffering is not always the Lord's chastening. A righteous man can suffer immensely, and a wicked man can prosper. But though suffering is not always intended as discipline, the Bible does tell us that the Lord disciplines whom He loves. If the Lord loves you, why would He not discipline you?
We do not serve a god like in Islam. The god they serve is able to punish sinners only because they are not his children (Qur'an 5:18). But in our religion, God's discipline has three goals in mind. The first is the correction of evil. When you touch a hot stove, you will never do it again. The second is the restoration of a broken relationship. When sin is out of the picture, you relate to God better. The third is the glory of God, for in the success of the first two reasons, the third is revealed.
When you suffer, know this: It is never because the Lord hates you. The cross is proof positive of this, for not only does God love the Christ who suffered, but He caused Him to suffer out of love for you. But there is a reason for your trouble. Seek His guidance in it. If you are not sinning, know that the Lord has a plan for it. If you are sinning, stop. In all things, know the Lord, seek the Lord, love the Lord.